Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients

HIV infection has a profound impact on the global tuberculosis (TB) problem. Due to its ability to destroy the immune system, HIV has emerged as the most significant risk factor for progression of dormant TB infection to clinical disease [1-4]. Progression from TB infection to TB disease is accelereted from different factors that reduced eficacity of body defence, like malnutrition, Diabetes, HIV immune deficencies, and treated patientes for a long time with immunosuppressors and corticosteroids therapy. The impact that HIV has on the pathogenesis of TB is clear. From above factors HIV infection plays the main role in increasing probbability of developing from infection to TB disease, and raise the risk of reactivation of the tuberculosis (post primary TB). It is one of the most important risk factors associated with an increased risk of latent TB infection (LTBI) progressing to active TB disease. HIV-infected people have an annual risk of 5% to 15% of developing active TB once infected [5]. TB is the most common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV worldwide. TB also occurs earlier in the course of HIV infection than many other opportunistic infections. When someone has both HIV and TB each disease speeds up the progress of the other. In addition to HIV infection speeding up the progression from latent to active TB, TB bacteria also accelerate the progress of HIV infection [6].